Knowledge which helps to understand the importance of types of locators in Selenium – it’s the first and main step in the way of using such product “at maximum speeds”. And knowledge on their correct usage – it’s the main skill of working with this utility, as the rest knowledge in the process of interface with Selenium is just trivial selecting of necessary libraries and extensions and also using some backdoor ways.

Earlier the way how we used to construct a FirefoxDriver is by passing desired capabilities object like FirefoxDriver(Capabilities desiredCapabilities) which is now Deprecated. But from Selenium v3.6.0 it is recommended to construct a FirefoxDriver with FirefoxOptions, like below:

ChromeOptions class extends MutableCapabilities. We can use ChromeOptions class to manage options specific to ChromeDriver.

MutableCapabilities was introduced for the first time with Selenium v3.6.0 (Java Client). All the Option classes now extends MutableCapbilities. Refer the JavaDoc link for org.openqa.selenium.MutableCapabilities.

Until today, to perform data-driven testing, we have used libraries like Apache POI, JExcel etc to read/write Excel files. To work with these libraries, we have to create spreadsheet, save in a repository and we need to write much amount of code to access the spreadsheet and test all the data dependent scenarios.

Selenium Grid is used to speed up the execution by using multiple machines (multiple browsers with different versions, and browsers running on different operating systems) and run tests in parallel. And also to reduce the time spent for running the test suite after developers check-in their code.

Generally, to run our Selenium tests in parallel, we use selenium grid and distribute tests across multiple physical or virtual machines which will reduce the time required for running tests.

In this article, will talk about CrossBrowserTesting which lets us to test website across 1500+ browsers - Android devices, iPhones, iPads, Windows, & OSX. Check list of Operating systems, mobile devices and browsers supported by CrossBrowsersTesting.

BrowserMob Proxy is an open source tools which is used to capture performance data for a web applications in an HAR format. It also allows to manipulate browser behavior and traffic, such as simulating network traffic, rewriting HTTP requests and responses etc.

When we try to find Shadow DOM elements using selenium locators, it will throw 'NoSuchElementException'. To access these Shadow DOM elements, we need to use JavascriptExecutor executeScript() function. If you look at the DOM structure, every element that has ShadowDOM also has a shadowRoot property which describes the underlying elements.

In the previous article, we have seen launching Firefox browser with Gecko driver using Selenium 3. Now let us try to launch Microsoft Edge browse using Selenium 3.

Before proceeding, to start using Webdriver with Microsoft Edge browser, make sure you have Windows 10 on your machine and download the specified Microsoft WebDriver server version for your build.